With the rapid development of the artificial intelligence industry and the increase in the needs of computing power in all walks of life, the industry urgently needs to meet a new computing model that can meet the demand for massive data processing.The quantum calculation, with its unique parallelism, superposition, and entanglement, is regarded as one of the important technical directions for the next generation of massive data processing.Among them, quantum chips, as parts of quantum computing, are the key to solving massive data processing problems.
　Where is the quantum chip strong?
Where is the powerful quantum chip?
It is understood that quantum chip uses the principle of quantum mechanics to achieve information storage, processing and calculation, which is the quantum bit.Compared with the traditional bites, it can only store 0 or 1 state, and quantum bits can be in the stack of two states of 0 and 1 at the same time, which enables quantum chips to achieve parallel computing and efficient information processing.
Quantum chips can not only provide more efficient information processing capabilities, but also break through the technical bottleneck of traditional chips.
First of all, when performing logical operations, storage and processing information on quantum chips, the encoding, storage and reading of information are achieved using quantum superposition and quantum entanglement.Therefore, realizing logical operations on quantum chips can be achieved by preparing a pair of or more entangled quantum bits, and complex circuits and algorithms are required on traditional chips to achieve.
Secondly, quantum chips also have higher fault tolerance and robustness.On the traditional chip, a bit of error may lead to the failure of the entire computing process. On the quantum chip, a bit of error will only affect the information stored by the bit, and it will not have much impact on the calculation process.
While with many advantages, the manufacturing of quantum chips is not complicated.Jia Zhilong, the director of the quantum chip center of the source quantum company, to "ChinaelectronicThe reporter said that the process of quantum chip can be with existingintegrated circuitCompatible with technology, so you can learn from the existing mature integrated circuit process system, migrate it to the quantum chip process, and then make some changes to make production directly, which can save preliminary research and development cost costs.
Therefore, quantum chip is regarded as a chip manufacturing technology with important potential, which can solve some technical bottlenecks faced by traditional semiconductor chip manufacturing technology, and is expected to achieve more efficient and stronger computing power.
　The two major technical branches are favored by the industry
It is understood that Silicon -based quantum bit chips, ion trap quantum bit chips, and superconductant quantum bit chips are currently the mainstream research direction of quantum chips.Among them, silicon -based quantum chips and superconductant quantum bit chips are the two major technical branches currently attracted much attention. Some companies in the industry have achieved results.
Silicon -based quantum chip uses the special properties of silicon materials to embed a single electron into a silicon lattice to achieve the preparation of silicon -based quantum bites.The cost of manufacturing is relatively low in manufacturing, and it has a natural connection with the traditional semiconductor industry.
Intel is one of the main players of Silicon -based quantum bit chips. Its technological development is mainly concentrated on Silicon's self -rotated quantum Bit.It is understood that Intel released a new quantum chip Tunnel Falls in June 2023. This chip contains 12 silicon spin quantum bits and manufactured on 300 mm silicon wafers. Each wafer can achieve exceeding more than more24,000 quantum dots, thereby forming 4 to 12 quantum bites that can be isolated or controlled at the same time.The industry told the China Electronics News reporter that Intel's quantum chip technology is characterized by its original production line technology to achieve large -scale integration, and by increasing the control temperature of the bit, from MK to K level, so that the integration of quantum chip integrationChemical processing is one step closer.
Super -guided quantum bit chip is another important branch in the field of quantum chips. It uses the unique properties of superconducting materials to improve the operating performance of quantum bites.Ultra -guide quantum chip can also be regarded as a evolution form of quantum chip. By introducing superconducting technology, the stability and controllable quantum bites are strengthened, thereby better adapting to the needs of quantum computing.
IBM is one of the main R & D companies of superconductant quantum chip, and the number of superconductant quantum chips developed by it has entered a hundred eras.In 2021, IBM launched a record of 127 quantum bits with a record; in November 2022, IBM launched an OSPREY processor of 433 quantum bites.It is understood that the company's next goal is to release a processor with 1121 quantum bites in 2023, named Condor.
　The operating environment is strict and the main development bottlenecks are mainly developed
Although the quantum chip is considered a new path for processing massive data, it takes time to apply large -scale applications.
It is understood that quantum chips need to run in low temperature environments, thereby reducing thermal noise and environmental interference, and maintaining the stability and coherence of quantum bites.Quantum bits are easily disturbed by noise in the environment at high temperatures. This noise will destroy the superimposed state of quantum bites and cause information loss.To reduce this interference, quantum chip needs to run at a very low temperature of about -273 ° C.At this temperature, the interaction between particles in the system is very weak, so the effects of thermal noise and environmental interference on quantum bits will drop.However, realizing this low -temperature environment requires a specific device, such as diluted refrigerators. This device not only has a huge volume, but also expensive energy consumption.
Jia Zhilong told the China Electronics News reporter that in order to ensure that quantum chips can run normally in low temperature environments, they can try to use materials that are more prominent in low -temperature state performance.For example, in the field of superconductant quantum -bit chips, 钽 铌 铌 is two key materials that have attracted much attention.They have excellent superconducting performance and are often used as superconductingCoilAnd superconducting magnetic materials such as superconducting magnets.At the same time, the superconducting performance of 铌 导 导 is prominent at low temperature.At extremely low temperatures, the electrons in these materials can form a coqual pair, thus have the characteristics of zero resistance and antimagnetic.This characteristic has great potential to make high -performance quantum chips in manufacturing high -performance quantum chips.In addition, enabling quantum chips to run in normal environments is the key to achieving large -scale applications of quantum chips.At present, quantum chips can only be adopted in some special areas, and it is difficult to look likecell phoneThe chip is like a large -scale use of people.Therefore, finding a quantum chip that can run under normal temperature and normal pressure is also the current research focus.The industry said.